Smiling dolphin.
Dolphins are intelligent and friendly, but there is a dark side to them, from which you hair stand on end.
It is said that: Dolphins - intelligent and friendly mammals that like to show different tricks.
In fact: All this - the truth, but the dolphins are also seen in the sexual harassment, incest and infanticide.
Dolphins are intelligent. Anyone who has seen how they perform incredible stunts knows this.For those of you who doubts this, we conducted countless research to the study of their ability to learn.In the majority of cases we studied dolphins the most common and well-known species - bottle nose dolphins, dolphins or large.
Living in captivity dolphins can remember singing in different keys for many years, and sometimes decades,
In the classical treatise about dolphins, published in 1984, presents the results of an experiment in which scientists trained a female bottle nose dolphin named Akeakamay simulate (in whistler mode, as the authors write) the sounds generated by the computer.Sound signals emitted by an electronic device, and those who are responsible Akeakamay, were surprisingly similar.
Dolphins! What a miracle!
Then, biologists began to tie the sounds to objects like the hoop tube, Frisbees or ball.
Akeakamay quickly miscalculated this relationship and make sounds denotes vocalization of each object. In fact, she learned a new vocabulary.Wild dolphins demonstrate comparable achievements. Each of them has its own signature sound, which serves as a sort of their name.When scientists recreate these signals by computer synthesizer, dolphins responded, as if they know who is calling them.On top of that, they remember each other. As a result of scientific research conducted in 2013, found that dolphins can remember a particular sound ( "whistle phrase") for many years, and sometimes decades.
They behave not like Flipper.
In one case, a female named Ollie of Brook field Zoo (about 20 kilometers west of Chicago, Illinois) is clearly responded to the voice recording another dolphin Bailey, Bermuda - despite the fact that they have not seen each other for over 20 years.Even more striking by the fact that in 2001, two bottle nose dolphins have successfully passed the test with a mirror in the New York Aquarium.Scientists using the "non-toxic ink marker Entre black" applied to the bodies of animals geometric shapes of different shapes, which served as their distinguishing marks.Bottle nose dolphins are intelligent, but the nature of their sometimes quite nasty.
After that, the dolphins swam up to the mirror and studied herself for a long time. This suggests that dolphins can recognize themselves - at least to
some extent, on what very few species (in particular, anthropoid and
other apes, elephants and African gray parrots African Grey - Ed.).Brilliant opportunity brain of these marine animals has led to the
emergence of a kind of cult of dolphins in the framework of the movement
New Age (mystical, occult and esoteric practices, a boom that occurred
in the 1970s), and beyond.However, scientists have found another, much darker side of nature dolphins. It turned out that they behave quite differently as the Flipper
(miracle dolphin friend and rescuer of people from the same series -
Ed.)"They are very clever, but, just as people can be nasty and
insidious", - says Richard Connor, the University of Massachusetts in
Dartmouth and co-director of the Association of research of dolphins. Gang rape?
When it's mating season, between them there is a fierce struggle for the females. In 1980, Connor and his colleagues were the first who had documented that dolphins-males aggressively harass fertile females in Shark Bay in Australia."Harassment begins when two or three males caught female" - they wrote in 1992.
Females are often trying to get away from the males, but they succeeded only in one case out of four.
Males violently pounce on his chosen one. In one of the observed cases of such "hunting" the pursuit lasted 85 minutes, the hunters and production covered a distance of seven kilometers.In further observations it became clear that the composition of these associations males can be very fickle.Small teams of males were usually part of a larger "super-alliance", the number of which reached 14 participants.It was also found that females are not eager to participate in these marriage games."The aggression of males in relation to a female expressed in pursuit, his tail, head-butting his head, hurriedly, in addition, the females bite and cut into them," - wrote Connor and colleagues in an article published in 1992.female individuals have often tried to escape, but they succeeded only in one case out of four."During the year, females harassed males of many alliances, and in the most different months of the year - for several months," - wrote Connor and his colleagues.
The mortal sin of infanticide.
Determined efforts to get rid of the harassment of females males are prone to dominance, it may be another manifestation of the sinister truth about dolphins.
"Flipping Young" sounds like a fun game, but it can also be a way in which adult males beaten to death unrelated to them youngDuring 1996 and 1997. 37 young bottle nose dolphins were dumped on beaches in Virginia.
A superficial examination would appear that they were all right, but the serious injuries inflicted by a blunt object had been discovered as a result of the autopsy.Have been identified mainly head injuries and chest, "multiple rib fractures, lung breaks, and soft tissue injuries were striking." These data are contained in a scientific study published in 2002 year.We found a lot of evidence that the death of young animals to blame adult dolphins.In particular, one of the scientists observed several behavioral events euphemistically designated as "throwing young" in coastal waters near the city of Virginia Beach.
The dead baby whose adult dolphin jump into the air.
"Flipping Young" sounds like a fun game, but it can also be a way in which adult males beaten to death unrelated to them young, to their mothers again began estrus.In 2013, researchers have seen a male dolphin attacked a newborn baby, although this time, it seems, the kid could swim away.If infanticide - is a direct and obvious threat to the community of dolphins, the female may show prudence, trying to mate with many males of different alliances, says Connor.Thus, a male individual will not know which of them would be the father of her baby, and the likelihood that they would kill him to fall."She did not want to be controlled by the movement" - he says.
Not casual incest !
There is another surprise in the behavior of dolphins during mating.In 2004, the study of heredity in the population of dolphins in Shark Bay revealed that these mammals from time to time engage in incest.One male, known as BJA, became a father in 1978, and 15 years later, in 1993 mated with his own daughter."We have seen males courting their mothers, in a group of three partners", - says Connor.In the same breath, it is worth study, published in 2010. It confirms that the incidence of inbreeding in the population above random.
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